(CNN) � Here’s a look at information and statistics concerning in the United States. For vaccines related to coronavirus, see
Facts
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides vaccine recommendations by , as well as by .
For more than like individual rights, religious freedoms, distrust of government and the effects that vaccines may have on the health of children.
fall into three general categories: medical, religious and philosophical.
Timeline
1796 - Edward Jenner develops the smallpox vaccine, the .
1855 - Massachusetts mandates that school children are to be vaccinated (only the smallpox vaccine is available at the time).
February 20, 1905 - In , the upholds the State’s right to compel immunizing against
November 13, 1922 - The US Supreme Court denies any constitutional violation in in which Rosalyn Zucht believes that requiring vaccines violates her right to liberty without due process. The High Court opines that city ordinances that require vaccinations for children to attend school are a “discretion required for the protection of the public health.�
1952 - develop a vaccine for polio. A nationwide leads to the vaccine being declared in 1955 to be safe and effective.
1963 - The first measles vaccine is released. In 2000, the CDC declares the US has achieved measles elimination, defined as “the absence of continuous disease transmission for 12 months or more in a specific geographic area.� While the US has maintained measles elimination since, there are occasional outbreaks.
1986 - Congress passes the . This coordinates vaccine activities across several government agencies to monitor vaccine safety, requires vaccine information statements are provided to those receiving vaccines, and creates the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program to compensate those injured by vaccines on a “no fault� basis.
March 19, 1992 - Rolling Stone publishes an article by Tom Curtis, “The Origin of AIDS,� which presents a theory that ties to polio vaccines. Curtis writes that in the late 1950s, during a vaccination campaign in Africa, at least 325,000 people were immunized with a contaminated polio vaccine. The article alleges that the vaccine may have been contaminated with a monkey virus and is the cause of the human immunodeficiency virus, later known as HIV/AIDS.
August 10, 1993 - Congress passes the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act which creates the , providing qualified children free vaccines.
December 9, 1993 - Rolling Stone publishes an update to the Curtis article, clarifying that his theory was not fact, and Rolling Stone did not mean to suggest there was any scientific proof to support it, and the magazine regrets any damage caused by the article.
1998 - British researcher Andrew Wakefield and 12 other authors publish a paper stating they had evidence that linked the vaccination for Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) to They claim they discovered the measles virus in the digestive systems of autistic children who were given the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. The publication leads to a widespread increase in the number of parents choosing their children for fear of its link to autism.
2004 - Co-authors of the Wakefield study begin removing their names from the article when they discover
May 14, 2004 - The Institute of Medicine releases a report
February 2010 - The Lancet, the British medical journal that published Wakefield’s study, . Britain also revokes Wakefield’s medical license.
2011 - Investigative reporter Brian Deer writes a series of articles in the BMJ exposing Wakefield’s fraud. The articles state that he used distorted data and that may have led to an unfounded relationship between vaccines and the development of autism.
2011 - finds that 63% of parents who refuse and delay vaccines do so for fear their children could have serious side effects.
June 17, 2014 - After analyzing 10 studies, all of which looked at whether there was a link between vaccines and autism and involved a total of over one million children, the University of Sydney publishes a report saying there is no correlation between vaccinations and the development of autism.
February 2015 - Advocacy group Autism Speaks releases a statement,
August 23, 2018 - finds that Twitter accounts run by The bots and trolls posted a variety of anti-, pro- and neutral tweets and directly confronted vaccine skeptics, which “legitimize� the vaccine debate, according to the researchers.
October 11, 2018 -
January 2019 - The World Health Organization names vaccine hesitancy as one of
December 19, 2019 - the approval of a vaccine for the prevention of the for the first time in the United States. The vaccine, Ervebo, was developed by Merck and protects against Ebola virus disease caused by Zaire ebolavirus in people 18 and older.
December 27, 2019 - finds that a single dose of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine may be just as effective as
February 3, 2020 - that a clinical trial for an HIV vaccine has been discontinued since the vaccine , the virus that causes AIDS.
May 3, 2023 - The , the first vaccine to protect against respiratory syncytial virus or RSV. It is a single shot for adults 60 or older.
The-CNN-Wire
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